Authors
Levashova Y.A.1, Aibatirov A.M.2, Makarov G.A.3, Beradze M.A.4, Khamdamov D.D.5
1 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow state medical university, Moscow
2 Ural state medical university, Yekaterinburg
3 N.I. Pirogov Russian national research medical university, Moscow
4 Tyumen state medical university, Tyumen
5 Tver state medical university, Tver
Abstract
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by immune response dysregulation, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Anti-cytokine therapy represents a promising method for targeted intervention in the immunopathological mechanisms of AIDs, necessitating an analysis of its efficacy and safety.
Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of anti-cytokine therapy in patients with various AIDs based on data from recent clinical studies.
Methods: A review of literature sources published in peer-reviewed international scientific journals from 2019 to the present was conducted. Studies with small sample sizes and low-quality evidence were excluded.
Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors demonstrate high efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and psoriatic arthritis, but their use is associated with an increased risk of infectious complications. Interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors reduce inflammatory activity and improve clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatic diseases but may increase the risk of hypercoagulation. IL-17 inhibitors are effective in ankylosing spondylitis, but their use is linked to a higher frequency of infectious complications. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors selectively modulate immune responses and have shown clinical efficacy in inflammatory bowel diseases, though they may cause metabolic and hematological disturbances.
Conclusion: Anti-cytokine therapy is an essential approach in the treatment of AIDs, leading to reduced inflammatory activity, remission achievement, and improved patient quality of life. Further research is required to assess the long-term safety of anti-cytokine therapy and to identify predictors of therapeutic response.
Keywords: autoimmune diseases, anti-cytokine therapy, pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α inhibitors, interleukin inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease.
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