Authors
Kuzhelivsky I.I., Gordienko I.I., Yalunin N.V., Nemykina E.N., Ponomarev A.S., Chernyii S.P.
Ural state medical university, Ekaterinburg
Abstract
Background. The problem of treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is one of the most urgent in modern science. The main focus for our regenerative medicine is the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children. This study examined the effects of liquid nitrogen vapor on osteogenesis in the rabbit femur. Cryotweezers made of porous nickel titanium alloy (nitinol or NiTi) obtained by self-propagating high temperature synthesis were used in this experiment.
Aims. Evaluation of the effectiveness of subdestructive cryotherapy on the focus of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in an experimental model as close as possible to Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease and enhance osteogenesis in rabbit bones through cryotherapy using porous NiTi cryotweezers.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 24 rabbits. The animals underwent of a surgical interventions against the background of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head by tunneling and cryotherapy with an applicator made of porous titanium nickelide on the osteonecrosis site to optimize osteoreparative processes of bone tissue. The control group consisted of 8 animals that did not undergo surgery.
Results. It was found that a 3 s exposure time stimulates osteogenesis, which was manifested in a greater number of osteoblasts in the regenerate compared to the control sample without liquid nitrogen. It was observed that increasing the exposure to 6, 9 or 12 s had a destructive effect, to varying degrees. The most severe damage was exerted by a 12 s exposure, which resulted in the formation of osteonecrosis areas. In the samples exposed to 6 and 9 s of cryotherapy, destruction of the cytoplasm of osteocytes and osteoclasts was observed.
Conclusions. The NiTi alloy produced through the SHS method offers a novel approach to the manufacture and use of cryoinstruments due to its high heat capacity and ductility, which provide rapid local cooling and its ability to prevent sticking to moist mucous tissues. The experimental results obtained make it possible to apply the proposed developed cryotherapy method to pathologically altered bone tissue.
Keywords: сryotherapy, bone regeneration, Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, titanium nickelide, nitrogen.
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