Authors
Krichman M.D.1, Travin N.O.3, Gazaryan G.G.1, Semitko S.P.2, Klimovsky S.D.1
1 Moscow Municipal Clinical Hospital named after A.K. Yeramishantsev, Moscow
2 Scientific and Practical Center for Interventional Cardioangiology of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, Moscow
3 Central Military Clinical Hospital named after P.V. Mandryka, Moscow
Abstract
The article provides an overview of current trends in the treatment of patients with carotid artery disease who have a high perioperative risk. The review includes a presentation of the clinical features of «high» risk patients, the methods used to detect them, the choice of optimal treatment tactics, as well as an analysis of the complications that accompany the intervention and ways to prevent them.
Keywords: carotid artery, stenosis, stroke, carotid stenting, carotid endarterectomy, perioperative risk.
References
1. Starodubtseva OS, Begicheva SV. Analysis of stroke incidence of the use of information. Basic research. 2012; №8-2: 424-427 (In Russ).
2. Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin VL, Norrving B, Donnan GA, Cadilhac DA. Global stroke statistics. Int J Stroke. 2017; 12(1): 13-32. doi: 10.1177/1747493016676285.
3. Cilingiroglu M, Marmagkiolis K, Wholey MH. Carotid artery stenting update. Future Cardiol. 2013; 9(2): 193-7. doi: 10.2217/fca.12.84.
4. Uteyliev E, Konysbaeva K, Zhangalieva D, Khabieva T. Epidemiology and prevention of ischemic stroke. Bulletin of KazNMU. 2017; 4: 126-129. (In Russ).
5. Stakhovskaya LV, Klochikhina OA. Characteristics of the main types of stroke in Russia (according to the population-based stroke register 2009-2013). Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17(9): 8-11. (In Russ).
6. Litvinova M.A. The stroke: modern development trends and preventive work of the doctor. Health and education in the XXI century. 2017; 19(9): 105-107. (In Russ).
7. Feigin VL, Varakin YuYa, Kravchenko MA, Piradov MA, Tanashayan MM, Gnedovskaya EV, Stakhovskaya LV, Shamalov NA, Krishnamurthi R, Bhattacharjee R, Parmar P, Hussein T, BarkerColloS. A new approach for stroke prevention in Russia. Annals of clinical and experimental neurology. 2015; 4: 19-23. (In Russ).
8. Kostenko EV, Petrova LV, Rylsky AV, Eneeva MA. Effectiveness of correction of post-stroke motoric disorders using the methods of functional electrostimulation and BFB-stabilometric postural control. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry n.a. S.S. Korsakov. 2019; 119(1): 23-31. (In Russ).
9. Prabhakaran S, Chong JY. Risk factor management for stroke prevention. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014; 20(2 Cerebrovascular Disease): 296-308. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000446102.82420.64.
10. Analeev AI, Semitko SP. Endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke: the history of development and first experience. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19(1): 36-41. (In Russ).
11. Trenkwalder P, Rüchardt A. Primär- und Sekundärprävention des Schlaganfalls [Primary and secondary prevention of stroke]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2015; 140(21): 1593-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-103118.
12. Meschia JF, Klaas JP, Brown RD Jr, Brott TG. Evaluation and Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017; 92(7): 1144-57. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.020.
13. Cilingiroglu M, Marmagkiolis K, Wholey MH. Carotid artery stenting update. Future Cardiol. 2013; 9(2): 193-7. doi: 10.2217/fca.12.84.
14. Pan J, Li X, Peng Y. Remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke: dawn in the darkness. Rev Neurosci. 2016; 27(5): 501-10. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0043.
15. Brott TG, Howard G, Roubin GS, Meschia JF, Mackey A, Brooks W, Moore WS, Hill MD, Mantese VA, Clark WM, Timaran CH, Heck D, Leimgruber PP, Sheffet AJ, Howard VJ, Chaturvedi S, Lal BK, Voeks JH, Hobson RW. Long-Term Results of Stenting versus Endarterectomy for Carotid-Artery Stenosis. 2nd; CREST Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(11): 1021-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1505215.
16. Paraskevas KI, Veith FJ. The indications of carotid artery stenting in symptomatic patients may need to be reconsidered. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015 Jan; 29(1): 154-9. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.08.010.
17. Kavteladze ZA, Bylov KV, Drozdov SA, Kartashov DS. Carotid stenting or endarterectomy. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangiology. 2011; 24: 53-54. (In Russ).
18. Oliveira PP, Vieira JLDC, Guimarães RB, Almeida ED, Savaris SL, Portal VL. Risk-Benefit Assessment of Carotid Revascularization. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(4): 618-25. doi:10.5935/abc.20180208.
19. Cherednichenko YuV. The choice of the optimal instruments for carotid stenting. Endovascular neuroroentgenosurgery. 2017; 3(21): 53-66. (In Russ).
20. Foroughinia F, Tabibi AA, Javanmardi H, Safari A, Borhani-Haghighi A. Association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and/or microembolic signals after carotid angioplasty and stenting. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019; 10(4): 388-95. doi:10.22088/cjim.10.4.388.
21. Kotsugi M, Takayama K, Myouchin K, et al. Carotid Artery Stenting: Investigation of Plaque Protrusion Incidence and Prognosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017; 10(8): 824-31. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2017.01.029.
22. Spence JD. Transcranial Doppler Emboli Identifies Asymptomatic Carotid Patients at High Stroke Risk: Why This Technique Should be Used More Widely. Angiology. 2017; 68(8): 657-60. doi:10.1177/0003319716651525.
23. Shevchenko YuL, Bolomatov NV, Viller AG. Complications after stenting of the arteries of the aortic arch (literature review). International Journal of Interventional Cardioangiology. 2015; 41: 57-66. (In Russ).
24. Venkatachalam S. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis: immediate revascularization or watchful waiting? Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014 Jan; 16(1): 440. doi: 10.1007/s11886-013-0440-9.
25. Spence JD. Transcranial Doppler monitoring for microemboli: a marker of a high-risk carotid plaque. Semin Vasc Surg. 2017; 30(1): 62-6. doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2017.04.011.
26. Gaba K, Bulbulia R. Identifying asymptomatic patients at high-risk for stroke. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2019; 60(3): 332-44. doi:10.23736/S0021-9509.19.10912-3.
27. Tsantilas P, Kuehnl A, Brenner E, Eckstein HH. Anatomic criteria determining high-risk carotid surgery patients. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2017; 58(2): 152-60. doi:10.23736/S0021-9509.17.09882-2.
28. Hicks CW, Nejim B, Locham S, Aridi HD, Schermerhorn ML, Malas MB. Association between Medicare high-risk criteria and outcomes after carotid revascularization procedures. J Vasc Surg. 2018; 67(6): 1752–61.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.066.
29. Gaba K, Ringleb PA, Halliday A. Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Intervention or Best Medical Therapy? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018; 18(11): 80. doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0888-5.
30. Meyer SA, Gandhi CD, Johnson DM, Winn HR, Patel AB. Outcomes of carotid artery stenting in high-risk patients with carotid artery stenosis: a single neurovascular center retrospective review of 101 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery. 2010 Mar; 66(3): 448-53; discussion 453-4. doi: 10.1227/ 01.NEU.0000365008.17803.
31. Ravindra VM, Mazur MD, Kumpati GS, Park MS, Patel AN, Tandar A, Welt FG, Bull D, Couldwell WT, Taussky P. Carotid Artery Stenosis in the Setting of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Clinical and Technical Considerations of Carotid Stenting. World Neurosurg. 2016 Feb; 86: 194-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.063.
32. Watanabe M, Chaudhry SA, Adil MM, Alqadri SL, Majidi S, Semaan E, Qureshi AI. The effect of atrial fibrillation on outcomes in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or stent placement in general practice. Vasc Surg. 2015 Apr; 61(4): 927-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.001.
33. Abu Rahma AF. Predictors of Perioperative Stroke/Death after Carotid Artery Stenting: A Review Article. Ann Vasc Dis. 2018; 11(1): 15-24. doi:10.3400/ avd.ra.17-00136.
34. Zhu F, Bracard S, Anxionnat R, et al. Impact of Emergent Cervical Carotid Stenting in Tandem Occlusion Strokes Treated by Thrombectomy: A Review of the TITAN Collaboration. Front Neurol. 2019; 10: 206. Published 2019 Mar 11. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00206.
35. Behme D, Mpotsaris A, Zeyen P, Psychogios MN, Kowoll A, Maurer CJ, Joachimski F, Liman J, Wasser K, Kabbasch C, Berlis A, Knauth M, Liebig T, Weber W. Emergency Stenting of the Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery in Combination with Anterior Circulation Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec; 36(12): 2340-5. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4459.
36. Seguchi M, Shibata M, Sato Y, Maekawa K, Kitano Y, Sano T, Kobayashi K, Shimizu S, Miya F. J. The Safety of Carotid Artery Stenting for Patients in the Acute Poststroke Phase. Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Jan; 27(1): 83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.08.008.
37. Adachi K, Sadato A, Hayakawa M, Maeda S, Hirose Y. Acute carotid artery stenting in symptomatic high-grade cervical carotid artery stenosis. Neurosurg Rev. 2017 Jan; 40(1): 45-51. doi: 10.1007/s10143-016-0737-4.
38. Bae E, Vo TD. Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting for Atherosclerotic Plaque with Mobile Intimal Flap. Ann Vasc Surg. 2018; 49: 310.e1-310.e3. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2018.01.071.
39. Haussen DC, Grossberg JA, Bouslama M, et al. Carotid Web (Intimal Fibromuscular Dysplasia) Has High Stroke Recurrence Risk and Is Amenable to Stenting. Stroke. 2017; 48(11): 3134-7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA. 117.019020.
40. Farooq MU, Goshgarian C, Min J, Gorelick PB. Pathophysiology and management of reperfusion injury and hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2016; 8(1): 7. doi:10.1186/s13231-016-0021-2.
41. Nicosia A, Nikas D, Castriota F, Biamino G, Cao P, Cremonesi A, Mathias K, Moussa I, Hopkins LN, Setacci C, Sievert H, Reimers BJ. Classification for carotid artery stenting complications: manifestation, management, and prevention. Endovasc Ther. 2010 Jun; 17(3): 275-94. doi: 10.1583/09-2943.1.
42. Klestov KB, Kulikov YuV, Sultanov IR, Komisarova NV, Ivanov AV, Matveev AA, Morozov DV. Complications of carotid stenting. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangiology. 2017; 48-49: 49-50. (In Russ).
43. Fanous AA, Natarajan SK, Jowdy PK, et al. High-risk factors in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid artery stenting with distal protection: Buffalo Risk Assessment Scale (BRASS). Neurosurgery. 2015; 77(4): 531-43. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000871.
44. Wieker CM, Demirel S, Attigah N, Hakimi M, Hinz U, Böckler D. Outcome of carotid artery stenting in the hands of vascular surgeons. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2017; 402(5):805–10. doi:10.1007/s00423-017-1585-6.
45. Kotsugi M, Takayama K, Myouchin K, Wada T, Nakagawa I, Nakagawa H, Taoka T, Kurokawa S, Nakase H, Kichikawa K. Carotid Artery Stenting: Investigation of Plaque Protrusion Incidence and Prognosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017; 10(8): 824-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.01.029.
46. Popova LA, Tobokhov AV, Nikolaev VN. Surgical treatment of patients with pathology of carotid arteries. Bulletin of the North-Eastern Federal University. M.K. Ammosov. Series: Medical Sciences. 2016; 3(04): 82-84. (In Russ).
47. Hayakawa M, Sugiu K, Yoshimura S, Hishikawa T, Yamagami H, Fukuda-Doi M, Sakai N, Iihara K, Ogasawara K, Oishi H, Ito Y, Matsumaru Y. Effectiveness of staged angioplasty for avoidance of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid revascularization. Neurosurg. 2019 Jan 18: 1-11. doi: 10.3171/2018.8.JNS18887.
48. Huibers AE, Westerink J, de Vries EE, Hoskam A, den Ruijter HM, Moll FL, de Borst GJ.Eur J Editor’s Choice — Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2018 Sep; 56(3): 322-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.05.012.
49. Belov YuV, Komarov RV, Karavaykin PA. Surgical treatment of patients with bilateral lesions of the carotid arteries. Cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. 2014; 7(5): 35-40. (In Russ).
50. Yoo DH, Roh HG, Choi SS, Moon J, Lee J, Cho YD, Han MH, Jung KH, Yoon BW, Kang HS. J Staged carotid artery stenting in patients with severe carotid stenosis: Multicenter experience. Clin Neurosci. 2018 Jul; 53: 74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.04.007.
51. de Donato G, Setacci C, Deloose K, Peeters P, Cremonesi A, Bosiers M. Long-term results of carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg. 2008 Dec; 48(6): 1431-40; discussion 1440-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.07.012.
